Kannada (ಕನ�ನಡ as well, less normally, Kanarese) is one of a oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various accent by about 55 million population. These are a state language of Karnataka, one of the quadruplet southern states around India. These are written using the Kannada script.

History

A Kannada language has been spoken for astir 2500 years, using a Kannada orthography existence around utilize for all about a go 1900 years. A initial development of the Kannada language is similar to it of more Dravidian languages. When you took late centuries, Kannada, along by using Telugu, has been highly influenced by Sanskrit vocabulary and literary styles.

Kannada occurs as extremely inflected language with 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neutral or park) & 2 counts (singular form, plural form). These are inflected for gender, total & tense, among more items.

Dialects
There exists likewise a sharply distinction between the spoken & written forms of the language. Spoken Kannada tends to diverge from either area to vicinity. A written form is around constant throughout Karnataka, nevertheless. A ethnologue identifies about Twenty accent of Kannada. Guiding light of the two come Kunda (spoken alone inside Kundapura), Havyaka (spoken mainly by Havyaka Brahmanas of Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Sagara, and Udupi districts), Are Bhashe (spoken mainly inside Sullia region of Dakshina Kannada), Soliga Kannada, Badaga Kannada, Gulbarga Kannada and Dharavada Kannada.

Classification
A written Kannada language has came under various religious & social influences inside its 1600 years of known being. Linguists typically divide a written form into quartet wide categories. Poorvada Halegannada (Pre-ancient Kananda) : This is the language of Halmidi scripture thought to be from either for even or fifth century. A Kannada language therein scripture was unformed. A phrase formation & a words were mostly Sanskrit except for the script. Halegannada (Ancient Kannada) : From either 9th century CE forwards, until fourteenth century Kannada works were classified under 'Ancient Kannada'. Therein time Kannadthe developed into a matured language. Mostly Jain and Saivite poets produced works in this time period. Nadugannada ( Middle Kannada) : In that period of time Brahamincal Hinduism had a great influence on Kannada. The Kannada grammar according to Sanskrit grammar was developed by Keshiraja Bhatta. Language itself Sanskritized to the big extent. Non-brahmin Hindu saints such as Kanakadasa also produced devotional poems in that cycle. Hosagannada ( Modern Kannada) : A Kannada works by a prevent of nineteenth century & in the future come classified under Hosagannada or even Modern Kannada. Nevertheless, till a beginning of twentieth century there were Kannada literary works that may however become classified under Middle Kannada. Virtually all notable among the babies is poet Muddana's works. Every now and again, his works were described when a 'dawn of Modern Kannada'. Typically, linguists address Indira Bai or even Saddharma Vijayavu by Gulvadi Venkata Raya as the number one literary function within Modern Kannada.

Modern Kannada inside twentieth century has been influenced by several movements. Luminary among the two come Navodaya, Navya, Dalita/Bandaya.

Geographic distribution
Kannada is principally spoken inside Karnataka in India, and to a good extent in the neighboring states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and in Kerala. There are important Kannada speaking populations in the United States and the United Kingdom, and less within Canada and Australia.

Official status
A Kannada language sign board Kannada is one of a Xxii official languages of India and is the official language of the state of Karnataka.

Kannada script

A language has 52 letters phonemic and according to academic profile 49 letters come present inside Kannada language. These 49 letters come divided into ii groups: Swaragalu (Fifteen letters) & "Vyanjanagalu" (34 letters), similar to the vowels & consonants of English, respectively. A character placed is nearly monovular thereto of more Indian languages. A script itself, from either brahmi script, is fairly complicated like virtually all more languages of India owing to the occurrence of various combinations of "half-letters", or even symbols that grab various letters within the manner similar to diacritical marks (like aigüe, grave, & hundredédille marks) in the Romance languages. A total of written symbols, still, is far to a higher degree a 52 characters in the alphabet, because different characters may be combined to form compound characters (ottaksharas). For each 1 written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds sustaining one syllable, as opposed to a single phoneme in languages like English. A script of Kannada is as well utilized inside more languages like Tulu, Kodava and Konkani.

Transliteration

Many transliteration schemes come utilized to nature and severity Kannadthe characters applying a standard keyboard. These include Baraha (based on ITRANS) and Nudi, the government of Karnataka's standard for Kannada transliteration.

Unicode

Extinct Kannada Letters
Until thirteenth century, Kannada literary works listed letters 'rh', 'lh(zh)', whose manner of articulation virtually all credibly can be akwithin to people in present day Malayalam. Tamil is supposed to exhibit only 'lh' & non 'rh'. A down the road Kannada works replaced 'rh' & 'lh' by using ರ(ra) & ಳ(La) severally.

A second letter (or even unclassified vyanjana(consonant)?) that has get out is 'new hampshire' or even 'lodge'(Once more this has its same around Malayalam). A usage of this consonant was found until eigth decade of twentieth century around mostly coastal Karnataka(especially, Dakshina Kannada district) Kannada works. Nowadays hardly any mainstream works utilize this consonant. This letter has beenorth replaced by ನ�(consonant n).